Demurrage, detention and storage charges explained

Start with the governing definitions

Industry usage is not perfectly uniform. Read the carrier tariff, booking terms, terminal rules and local contract for the shipment. Identify when free time begins, which calendar applies, whether days are combined or separate and what event stops each clock. Storage can accrue independently from equipment charges. A commercial discussion is easier when everyone refers to the same written definition rather than a general memory of the terms.

Import exposure begins before arrival

Delays in documents, customs readiness, payment, delivery appointments or inland transport can consume free time quickly. Review the arrival schedule and release requirements while the vessel is still en route. Pre-clear where permitted, send documents early and book transport around realistic availability. Confirm the consignee can receive the cargo and unload promptly. A container held because the warehouse is full is still using equipment and terminal space.

Exports can incur waiting costs too

Collecting an empty unit too early can start a detention clock before the cargo is ready. Delivering the loaded unit too early may create terminal storage, depending on receiving windows and rules. Build the empty release, factory loading, customs process, terminal opening and vessel cut-off into one schedule. When production slips, update the equipment and gate plan instead of allowing the original clock to run by default.

Keep event evidence

Retain release notices, interchange records, gate timestamps, customs messages, appointment evidence, return receipts and correspondence about holds. If a delay is caused by an operational event outside the customer’s control, timely evidence supports review, although a waiver is never guaranteed. Check invoices against the correct container number, dates, free-time allocation and rate tier before the dispute deadline.